Advanced usage

In advanced usage we will start with a clean project and then we will add more commands to show how you can improve a developer experience in your project.

Assume you have a node.js project with a run command in lets.yaml from Basic usage

shell: bash

commands:
  run:
    description: Run nodejs server
    cmd: npm run server

Env#

You can add global or per-command env:

shell: bash

env:
  DEBUG: "0"

commands:
  run:
    description: Run nodejs server
    env:
      NODE_ENV: development
    cmd: npm run server

Eval env#

Also if the value of the environment variable must be evaluated, you can add global or per-command eval_env:

shell: bash

env:
  DEBUG: "0"

eval_env:
  CURRENT_UID: echo "`id -u`:`id -g`"
  CURRENT_USER_NAME: echo "`id -un`"

commands:
  run:
    description: Run nodejs server
    env:
      NODE_ENV: development
    cmd: npm run server

Depends#

You already can start your application, and like any other project your's also have dependencies. Dependencies can be added or deleted to project

and developers have to know that there is some new dependency and it is needed to run npm install again.

You can do this - just add a new command and make it as a run command dependency, so each time you call lets run - dependant command will execute first.

shell: bash

commands:
  build-deps:
    description: Install project dependencies
    cmd: npm install

  run:
    description: Run nodejs server
    depends:
      - build-deps
    cmd: npm run server

Checksum#

Now, each time you call lets run - build-deps will be executed first and this will guarantee that your dependencies are always up to date.

But we have one downside - run npm install may take some time and we do not want to wait.

checksum to the rescue.

Checksums allow you to know when some of the files have changed and made a decision based on that.

When you add checksum directive to a command - lets will calculate checksum from all of the files listed in checksum and put LETS_CHECKSUM env variable to command env.

LETS_CHECKSUM will have a checksum value.

We then can store this checksum somewhere in the file and check that stored checksum with a checksum from env.

Fortunately, lets have an option for that - persist_checksum.

If persist_cheksum used with checksum lets will store new checksum to .lets dir and each time you run a command lets will check if stored checksum changed from the one from env.

While using persist_checksum, lets will add new env variable to command env - LETS_CHECKUM_CHANGED.

You can learn more about checksum in Checksum section

shell: bash

commands:
  build-deps:
    description: Install project dependencies
    checksum:
      - package.json
    persist_checksum: true
    cmd: |
      if [[ ${LETS_CHECKSUM_CHANGED} == true ]]; then
        npm install
      fi;

  run:
    description: Run nodejs server
    depends:
      - build-deps
    cmd: npm run server
    

So now npm install will be executed only on package.json change.

Cmd as array#

Now you have decided to add some frontend to your project. You decided to add a command to build js with a webpack.

lets.yaml

shell: bash

commands:
  build-deps:
    description: Install project dependencies
    checksum:
      - package.json
    persist_checksum: true
    cmd: |
      if [[ ${LETS_CHECKSUM_CHANGED} == true ]]; then
        npm install
      fi;

  run:
    description: Run nodejs server
    depends:
      - build-deps
    cmd: npm run server

  
  js:
    description: Build project js
    cmd: npm run static

package.json

{
    "scripts": {
        "static": "webpack"
    }
}

Now you want to run js with some options like watch or different config.

So lets update js command:

js:
  description: Build project js
  cmd: 
    - npm 
    - run 
    - static

All we made is just rewrite cmd to be an array of strings. Now all positional arguments will be appended to cmd during lets js call.

lets js -- -w - this will pass -w option to webpack in package.json

Positional arguments (Options)#

Sooner or later you will come up with a convenient commands for your project.

lets options will help you with that.

Now you have a couple of environments in your project. And you want to be able to run a server with different environments.

Assume you have some configs:

local.yaml
stg.yaml
prd.yaml

We can update run command using options:

run:
  description: Run nodejs server
  depends:
    - build-deps
  options: |
    Usage: lets run [--stg] [--prd]  
  cmd: |
    CONFIG_PATH="local.yaml"
    if [[ -n ${LETSOPT_STG} ]]; then
        CONFIG_PATH="stg.yaml"
    elif [[ -n ${LETSOPT_PRD} ]]; then
        CONFIG_PATH="prd.yaml"
    fi
    npm run server -- config=$CONFIG_PATH

options is a string in a docopt format - http://docopt.org/.

lets knows how to parse docopt string and convert it in env variables.

In a few words, lets will capitalize on all options, replace - with _ and append LETSOPT_ prefix - so for lets run --stg we will get LETSOPT_STG env variable with no value as its a bool option.

Another variant of option usage:

run:
  description: Run nodejs server
  depends:
    - build-deps
  options: |
    Usage: lets run [--config=<config>] 
  cmd: |
    npm run server -- config=${LETSOPT_CONFIG:-local.yaml}

In this example we also use options but unlike the previous example we using key-value options here.

So if we call lets run --config stg.yaml - lets will create LETSOPT_CONFIG env variable with value stg.yaml

One more example will show you another option LETSCLI.

LETSCLI is just a complementary env variable lets will create for each LETSOPT.

So how does it works?

If we describe option Usage: lets run --stg we will actually get two env variables to one option:

LETSOPT_STG with no value
LETSCLI_STG with value --stg. It just basically stores CLI argument as is.

You can learn more about options in Options section

Positional arguments using $@ or LETS_COMMAND_ARGS#

You may not want to use options and describe all possible arguments and options to your command.

In that case, you can use standard "$@" env variable to access all positional args passed to command.

For convenience LETS_COMMAND_ARGS env variable contains same positional args as "$@".

The most common use case for this is to pass all positional args to command's cmd script as is, see examples:

shell: bash

commands:
  npm:
    cmd: npm "$@"

  webpack:
    cmd: |
      echo Running webpack
      webpack "${LETS_COMMAND_ARGS}"

Command templates#

You can make command templates using .yaml features, for generic options, like --watch, --config etc.

${LETS_COMMAND_NAME} - is template string, which will be replaced by your command name in runtime.

shell: bash

commands:
  run: &run
    options: |
      Usage:  lets ${LETS_COMMAND_NAME} [<posarg>] [--config=<config>]
      Options:
        --config=<config> -c  Custom config
    cmd: |
      npm run server -- config=${LETSOPT_CONFIG:-local.yaml}

  show-config:
    <<: *run
    cmd: |
      echo ${LETSOPT_CONFIG:-local.yaml}

Examples#

There are a lot of variants how you can use lets in your project.

Here you will find more examples with:

python
nodejs
docker